Leptopoma undatum (Metcalfe, 1851)
“Its small size and strong sculpture distinguish this species from its allies, L. undatum, L. niahensis and L. geotrochiforme.” (E. A. Smith, 1895)
“This species belongs to the division of the genus of which C. laeve, Gray, may be considered the type.” (Metcalfe, 1851)
“Contai in questi individui 6 giri e mezzo di spira invece dei 5 e mezzo che avrebbe la specie, secondo la descrizione di Pfeiffer. Le dimensioni loro sono, nella pluralità dei casi: L' esame di alcuni Leptopoma undaium conservati in alcool mi permise di osservare alcune particolarità dell' animale. Esso presenta una testa piccola e non distinta dal resto del corpo, con un muso anteriormente appianato e munito di due lobi labiali assai divergenti ed estesi. Il collo è ricoperto da una ripiegatura del mantello a guisa di collare incompleto, sotto la quale, sul lato destro, si apre l’ orifizio respiratorio. Ai lati della testa e un po' in alto, si inseriscono i tentacoli, che sono conici e relativamente assai lunghi (6 Mill.); alla base esterna di ciascun tentacolo si vede un lieve rigonfiamento, in mezzo al quale spicca il punto oculare. Un po' al di sotto del tentacolo destro sporge, nei maschi adulti, la verga, in forma di doccia conica, lunga circa 2 Mill. Il piede è piccolo, di forma cilindrica e deve servire soltanto di organo locomotore; esso porta l'opercolo che è circolare, corneo, pellucido e munito di una sottile stria spirale che si diparte da un nucleo centrale. L' animale spiegato può raggiungere una lunghezza che non passa di molto i 20 Mill.” Issel, 1874)
“undatum also occurs near sea-level. It shows considerable local and even individual variation, and is closely allied to pyramis Kob. From the Philippines.” (Laidlaw, 1937)
“The trochoidal shape and pale markings of white and opaque zig-zag lines easily separate this species from L. sericatum. Several other Bornean species are very similar. L. geotrochiforme E. A. Smith, 1895 has a double peristome, the umbilicus almost concealed, more convex whorls and no constriction behind the lip such as is found in L. undatum. L. niahense Godwin-Austen, 1889 has the constriction behind the lip, but no double peristome. L. mitchellae E. A Smith, 1900, has flatter whorls and more prominent sculpture. L. bourguignati Issel, 1874, is more heavily sculptured and with more rounded whorls. Besides these Bornean species, the Philippine Island L. trochum (Dohrn, 1862) and L. pyramis Kobelt, 1886 are very closely related.” (Solem, 1964)
“Variable in size and the ratio height/width. In some thick-shelled specimens the peripheral keel on the last whorl is shallowly and obtusely serrate.” (Vermeulen, 1999)
Metcalfe (1851) original descriptions on Cyclostoma undatum – “C. testâ globoso-pyramidali, tenui, pellucidâ, albâ, lineis hyalines undatis decurrentibus ornatâ, tenuiter striatâ; anfractibus 6, parum rotundatis, primis conicis regulariter crescentibus; ultimo magno, obtusè carinato; aperture circulari, superne angulata; pertremate lato, expanso, vix ad columellam reflex; suturis mediocribus; umbilico parvo.”
Martens (1867) descriptions on Leptopoma undatum – “Teste pyramidata, anguste perforata, oblique striatula, lineis spiralibus subtilissimis hine inde conspicuis, alba, strigis diaphanis interdum pallide fuscis picta: spira exacte conica; anfr. 5½ plani, superiores liris obtusis elevatis spiralibus plexumque 5 sculpti, ultimus acute carinatus, basi planatus, prope aperturam haud descendens, inflatus, carina evanescente, quasi oblique compressus; aperture diagonalis, subcircularis; peristoma late expansum, album, marginibus callo tenui junctis.”
Godwin-Austen (1891) original descriptions on Helix (Geotrochus) niahensis – “Shell dextral, pyramidal, tbin texture, base flat; sculpture, spiral lirae, fine, regular, not of continuous thickness, crossed by lines of growth; colour white, with some fine marbling in a greyer colour within the aperture, porcellaneous white; spire high, pyramidal, sides slightly concave; apex acuminate; suture fine, linear; whorls 7, very flat; aperture ovate, wide and ample, oblique; peristome sharp, coming to an angulate form at the outer keeled margin, expanded and thickened below towards the columellar side.”
E. A. Smith (1895) original descriptions on Leptopoma skertchlyi – “Testa L. undato similes, sed minor, carina peripherali usque ad labrum continua, anfractus pone aperturam haud constricto, lineis incrementi obliquis supra et infra validis, pliciformibus, umbilico mediocri ut in L. undato; aperture oblique ovata; perist. duplice, margine externo late expanso, acuto, haud reflexo, interno continuo, leviter porrecto; anfractibus superioribus planiusculis, liris paucis spiralibus tenuibus cinctis.”
Kobelt, W. (1902) descriptions on Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) undatum – “Schale eng genabelt, kegelförmig, schräg gestreift, hier und du mit feinen, aber deutlichen Spiralreifen, weiss mit durchscheinenden, seltener mit hellbraunen Striemen; Gewinde genau kegelförmig; 5½ flache Windungen, die oberen meist mit 5 stumpfen Spiralreifen, letzte scharf gekielt, unten abgeflacht, vorn nicht herabsteigend, aufgeblasen, schief zusammengedrückt. Kiel verschwindend; Mündung diagonal, fast kreisrund; Mundraiid weit ausgebreitet, weiss, durch einen dünnen Callus verbunden.”
Kobelt, W. (1902) descriptions on Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) skertchlyi – “Schale der von L. (T.) undatum (p. 31) ähnlich, aber kleiner, der Kiel bis zum Mundrande deutlich, obere Windungen ziemlich flach, mit wenigen feinen Spirallinien, letzte Windung vorn nicht eingeschnürt, die Anwachsstreifen oben und unten faltenförmig, stark; Nabel massig weit; Mündung schräg, eiförmig; Mundrand doppelt: innerer zusammenhängend, leicht vorgezogen, äusserer stark ausgebreitet, scharf, nicht zurückgeschlagen.”
Vermeulen (1999) descriptions on Leptopoma undatum – “Shell white, usually with translucent banding parallel to the growth lines, sometimes with a tranverse zig-zag pattern of pale brown most conspicuously present just below the suture. Whorls 5¾-6½, the first few moderately convex, the others almost flat to slightly convex, but the last also slightly to moderately concave towards the periphery; periphery with a distinct keel that rather abruptly changes into a less conspicuous edge in the last 1/3-1/4 whorl, thus disrupting the curvature of the keel when the shell is observed from below. Suture moderately depressed between the forst whorls, elsewhere slightly depressed. Spiral sculpture: a fine striation, combined with up to 7 slightly raised, inconspicuous ridgelets. Umbilicus open, narrow, partly covered by the peristome. Peristome white, on the palatal side usually slightly thickened and abrubtly reflected, and often with a slight to distinct lip that gradually decreases in height towards the angular edge; parietal side usually thin, but sometimes with a low ridge as a continuation of the lip on the palatal side.”
“Animal emerald-green, so the shell looked green with white porchelin bands.” (E. A. Smith, 1895)
“Animal green, shining through the shell; shell. Therefore, looking green with white (opaque) patches in living specimens.” (Vermeulen, 1999)
Cyclostoma undatum – “Long. 6/10; lat. 5/10; alt. 6/10 unc.” (Metcalfe, 1851); Leptopoma undatum – “Diam. maj. 16-19½, min. 13-15. alt. 14½-19: apert. long. = alt. mcluso perist. 9½-11. excluso 7½-9 Mill.” (Martens, 1867); Helix (Geotrochus) niahensis – “Size: maj. diam. 18.8, min. 16.0; alt. axis 12.3 millim.” (Godwin-Austen, 1891); “Diam. magg. 21, min. 17, alt. 12.0; alt, e largh, dell' apert. incl. perist. 12, escl. 9 mill.” (Issel, 1874); syntype Leptopoma skertchlyi – “Longit. 16 ½ millim., diam. maj. 17 ½; aperture intus 6 longa, 7 lata.” (E. A. Smith, 1895); Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) skertchlyi – “H. 16.5, Durchm. 17.5:13.5 mm.” (Kobelt, 1902); Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) undatum – “H. 14.5-19. Durchm. 16-19.5:13-15 mm.” (Kobelt, 1902); Leptopoma (Trocholeptopoma) undatum - “13.1-16.9 mm high an 15.4-19.4 mm in diameter.” (Solem, 1964); Leptopoma undatum – “Height 14-21 mm, width 14-24 mm; height aperture 7-12 mm, width 8-15 mm.” (Vermeulen, 1999)
Type locality – “Borneo” leg. W. J. Hamilton/Nov. 1850 (Metcalfe, 1851); syntype Helix (Geotrochus) niahensis “Niah Hills” leg. A. Everett (Godwin-Austen, 1891); syntype Leptopoma skertchyi “Summit of Mount Ambun, British North Borneo, at an elevation of 3500 feet.” Leg. S. B. J. Skertchly (E. A. Smith, 1895)
Other localities – “W Borneo um Sarawak von mir an der Westküste, bei Singkawang und mehr im Innern bei Mondhor an mit Farn bewachsenen Waldlichtungen.” (Martens, 1867); “Territorio di Sarawak” leg. Doria and Beccari (Issel, 1874); “Sarawak” leg. A. Everett (Godwin-Austen, 1889); “Kinabalu, at a height of 4,200 feet” leg. Hanitsch/Mar. 23, 1899 (Laidlaw, 1937); “Kinabatangan District, East Coast Resideney, North Borneo, from the southeast end of Dewgurst Bay.” Leg. D. D. Davis & R. F. Inger/May 1950 (Haas, 1951); “Sabah; Bukit Keruak” (Solem, 1964); “Sabah; Dewhurst Bay” (Solem, 1964); “Sabah; Gomantong Hill” (Solem, 1964); “Sabah; Kota Belud” (Solem, 1964); “Sabah; Bukit Kipangi” (Solem, 1964); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: quarry km 31.6 road Kuching-Bau” leg. Auffenberg (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: G. Pangga 3 km E.N.E. of Bau” (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: 2-3 km S.W. of Bau” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: 1 km S. of Bau, S. edge of active gold mine” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: Bt. Jagoi near Bau” leg. Schuiteman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: Lobang Angin 2 km S.W. of Bau” (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: G. Muan near Kpg. Peninjau Lama, 22.5 km S.W. of Kuching” leg. Auffenberg (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 1st Div.: Semengoh Botanic Garden” leg. De Vogel (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 4th Div.: G. Subis (Batu Niah)” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 4th Div.: G. Subis, limestone quarry” leg. Raven (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 4th Div.: Lambir oil palm plantation” leg. Raven (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sarawak. 4th Div.: Lambir Hills” leg. Sleumer (Vermeulen, 1999); “Brunei: Temburong, Labi Road 13 km from S. Liang” leg. De Vogel (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. Interior Zone: 5.5 km N.N.E. of Simatuoh, 9 km E. of Sepulot” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. West Coast Zone: G. Kinabalu National Park” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. Sandakan Zone: Tawai Mountains near Telupid” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. Sandakan Zone: Batu Putih near road Lahad Datu-Sandakan, near Sg. Kinabatangan” (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. Sandakan Zone: Bt. Gomantong, 30 km S. of Sandakan” leg. Lee et al. (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. Tawau Zone: N.W. of road Lahad Datu-Sandakan crossing with Sg. Segama” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. Tawau Zone: “Kirk’s Cave’, 8 km N. of Lahad Datu” (Vermeulen, 1999); “Sabah. Tawau Zone: Batu Tenggar, Segarong Hills 25 km E.S.E. of Kunak” leg. Dorman (Vermeulen, 1999); “Kalimantan Timur: 30 km W. Of Balikpapan” leg. Van Balgooij (Vermeulen, 1999); “Kalimantan Timur: surrounding Lempake” leg. WWF-IP Forest Fire Project 1998 (Vermeulen, 1999); “Philippines: Palawan” leg. Ridsdale (Vermeulen, 1999); “Niah N.P., Sarawak, Malaysia” (Vermeulen, 2003)
“Primary and secondary forest on various soil types, even in kerangas and peat swamp forest on wet, acid soils. Also found in oil palm plantations, in coastal shrubland, on sand dunes, as well as in montane forest at up to 3000 m asl. Observed living on vegetation.” (Vermeulen, 1999)